![]() The 1 mcg/kg figure would amount to 100 mcg in a human. It’s unlikely that anyone routinely consumes this much clenbuterol, so necrosis would not be an issue in humans. Considering necrosis, using this conversion 100 mcg/kg would translate into 10,000 mcg for a 100 kg bodybuilder. In some cases, when extrapolating animal doses to human doses a direct mg/kg to mg/kg conversion is adequate. Before looking at the mechanisms and implications of this, we must convert these figures to Human Equivalent Doses (HED) to see if there is any relevance to humans here. ![]() The same research group that examined necrosis recently showed that much smaller doses of clenbuterol, as low as 1 mcg/kg of body weight, could induce apoptosis in cardiac myocytes (2). In rats, doses of clenbuterol on the order of 100 mcg (micrograms) per kg of body weight have been shown to induce necrosis of cardiac myocytes (muscle cells) (1). Thus, Tbeta(4) may provide a new clinical treatment for severe traumatic corneal wound disorders by promoting rapid corneal wound healing and decreasing both PMN infiltration and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels. mRNA transcript levels were decreased several fold for interleukin (IL)-lbeta, and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, MIP-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 from 1 to 7 days after injury in the Tbeta(4)- vs. ![]() Mouse corneas topically treated with 5 microg of Tbeta(4) twice daily after alkali injury demonstrated accelerated re-epithelialization at all time points and decreased polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration at 7 days post injury (p.i.) when compared to PBS-treated controls. Animals were killed, the eyes were enucleated, fixed and embedded in plastic resin or prepared for mRNA analysis. ![]() Eyes were irrigated copiously with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and then treated topically with either Tbeta(4) (5 microg/5 microl PBS) or 5 microl PBS twice daily. Corneas from 129 Sv mice were chemically burned with a 2 mm disc soaked in 1 N NaOH for 30 sec. Here, the effect of Tbeta(4) was examined treatment on corneal wound healing and inflammation in vivo after alkali injury, a more severe wound of the eye. #MADISON JAMES RESEARCH SKIN#Previously, thymosin beta 4 (Tbeta(4)) was found to promote wound healing in full thickness skin wounds and heptanol debrided corneas. ![]()
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